Receding horizon time-optimal control for a class of differentially flat systems

A closed-loop, time-optimal path-following control scheme is proposed for a class of constrained differentially flat systems. Within a receding horizon framework, a finite horizon optimisation problem is solved at each sample, using available state feedback and feedforward path information. Irrespective of horizon length, the proposed formulation guarantees exact path-following. Moreover, the requirements under which the proposed algorithm achieves minimum-time path-following are established. Simulations conducted with a rigid X–Y table model confirm the theoretical results.     

Effect of the annealing procedure and the molecular weight on the crystalline phase morphology and thermal properties of polylactide

The thermomechanical properties of poly(lactide) (PLA) are strongly related to its semicrystalline microstructure and morphology. Thermal annealing is a strategy to improve the crystallinity of PLA. However, the different techniques and specimen types needed for each kind of characterization could lead to misleading conclusions. In this work, annealed samples of three PLA grades with different molecular weights were studied by DSC, wide angle X‐ray scattering and polarized optical microscopy (POM) and the results are related to their thermomechanical and impact properties. Special focus is put on the POM results obtained by different approaches and the suitability of each of them to be related to the thermomechanical properties. By annealing medium molecular weight PLA specimens at 140 °C an important increase of the heat distortion temperature was obtained, which was not related to the spherulite size but to the combination of high crystallinity degree together with high α/α′ crystal type ratio. However, the impact properties of annealed PLA decreased with increase in the annealing temperature according to an increment in crystallinity and in the α/α′ crystal ratio. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry     

Input-to-state learning of recurrent neural networks with delay and disturbance

This article deals with the issue of input-to-state stabilization for recurrent neural networks with delay and external disturbance. The goal is to design a suitable weight-learning law to make the considered network input-to-state stable with a predefined -gain. Based on the solution of linear matrix inequalities, two schemes for the desired learning law are presented via using decay-rate-dependent and decay-rate-independent Lyapunov functionals, respectively. It is shown that, in the absence of external disturbance, the proposed learning law also guarantees the exponential stability of the network. To illustrate the applicability of the present weight-learning law, two numerical examples with simulations are given.     

随机森林算法在温度分布重建中的应用

为提高温度分布重建精度,提出了使用随机森林算法对温度测点进行优化布置的新方法。 将测点位置作为样本特征, 以不同的测点布置方式及其对应的重建误差作为样本数据集。 使用样本数据集构建随机森林模型,评估样本特征重要性,根据 特征重要性排序实现温度测点的优化布置。 设定仿真实验与燃烧实验验证优化布置算法的可行性与有效性。 分析实验数据, 所提出的优化布置算法相对于原有算法,重建精度提升了 20%以上。 研究结果表明,随机森林算法在温度分布重建中具有良好 的应用价值,并为解决工业实际问题提供了新思路。     

The control of paracetamol particle size and surface morphology through crystallisation in a spray dryer

The parameters governing the crystallisation of paracetamol using various conventional techniques has been extensively studied, however the factors influencing the drug crystallisation using spray drying is not as well understood. The aim of this work was to investigate the crystallisation of an active pharmaceutical ingredient through evaporative crystallisation using a spray dryer to study the physicochemical properties of the drug and to use semi-empirical equations to gain insight into the morphology and particle size of the dried powder. Paracetamol solutions were spray dried at various inlet temperatures ranging from 60 °C to 120 °C and also from a series of inlet feed solvent compositions ranging from 50/50% v/v ethanol/water to 100% ethanol and solid-state characterisation was done. The size and morphology of the dried materials were altered with a change in spray drying parameters, with an increase in inlet temperature leading to an increase in particle Sauter mean diameter (from 3.0 to 4.4 µm) and a decrease in the particle size with an increase in ethanol concentration in the feed (from 4.6 to 4.4 µm) as a result of changes in particle density and atomised droplet size. The morphology of the dried particles consisted of agglomerates of individual crystallites bound together into larger semi-spherical agglomerates with a higher tendency for particles having crystalline ridges to form at higher ethanol concentrations of the feed.     

35克素牛排单片重量控制方案探究

目的探究制定公司畅销产品大豆蛋白类食品35克素牛排的重量控制方案。方法研发人员通过查阅相关资料、采集生产与管理人员的意见、跟踪生产全程等手段获取实验方向,并通过小实验改变工艺条件和生产试验进一步验证工艺条件,探寻出了35克素牛排在生产过程中的重量变化规律、重量不稳定的主要原因及改进措施。结果 35克素牛排的单片重量与产品卤制工序呈影响极显著,与原材料重量、油炸工序差异显著。结论原材料控制在11克以上,油炸时间2分钟,最佳卤制时间10分钟,产品的单片重量合格率提高到90%以上。     

基于使用可靠性区域粒度的产品保修期优化决策

针对已有产品保修期设计多局限于固有可靠性,未考虑其使用可靠性与区域差异的关联性问题,提出一种基于使用可靠性区域粒度的保修期优化决策模型。首先根据使用可靠性区域粒度划分和售后故障数据构建使用可靠性预测模型,获得各区域的使用可靠性估计;进而建立综合考虑使用可靠性区域差异、保修成本和价格的保修期优化决策模型,并推导出该模型下的最优解。最后,将模型应用于空调产品的使用可靠性评估和保修期优化决策,并与传统做法进行对比,验证了模型的有效性和适用性。结果表明,从使用可靠性区域粒度的视角,可以适度延长保修期以实现利润最大化,且灵敏性分析定量揭示了模型参数对保修期、价格和利润的影响规律。     

双轮式抛投机器人仿富勒烯轮毂结构设计

为了提高双轮式抛投机器人的全向抗冲击性能，提出了一种仿富勒烯张拉式轮毂结构及其优化方法。首先，根据C₆₀的几何特点及正二十面体被截取顶角后的截取比例λ建立模型，利用直接刚度矩阵法对模型进行受力分析，给出了最优截取比例λ。然后，以张拉结构为载荷分布优化单元对C₆₀结构载荷分布进行优化，并对其静力学性能进行了ABAQUS仿真分析，最后将其与同质量的条幅式、轮辐式以及球壳式轮毂结构进行对比。仿真结果表明:所提出的仿C₆₀张拉结构轮毂具有较好的强度及刚度特性，整体承载性能较优；具有较好的承载与散力特性，应力分布较为均匀；同时具有较好的承载全向性，结构受力整体性好且不易失稳，从而验证了所设计结构的有效性。     

基于支持向量机和磁记忆技术的管道缺陷深度的定量化反演研究

金属管道表面往往存在不同深度的腐蚀缺陷。金属磁记忆检测技术是目前唯一能对铁磁性构件的早期损伤进行诊断的无损检测技术,然而磁记忆原始信号本身并不能直接实现对管道腐蚀缺陷深度特征的定量化识别,进而无法实现对管道腐蚀程度的预警。针对该问题,采用支持向量机方法建立了管道缺陷深度的定量化反演模型,利用该模型对管道上深度为1~15mm的腐蚀缺陷进行了多次反演,反演结果的平均误差为2.398mm,平均均方根误差为3.205mm,结果表明,模型对管道腐蚀缺陷深度的定量化反演是可行的。研究结果可为该领域的研究提供一定的参考,且具有较高的实际应用价值。     

High-capacity reversible hydrogen storage in scandium decorated holey graphyne: Theoretical perspectives

We have investigated the hydrogen storage capabilities of scandium decorated holey graphyne, a recently synthesized carbon allotrope, by applying density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulations. We have observed that one unit cell of holey graphyne can adsorb 6 Sc atoms, and each Sc atom can adsorb up to 5H₂ molecules with an average binding energy and average desorption temperature of ?0.36 eV/H₂ and 464 K, respectively. The gravimetric weight percentage of hydrogen is 9.80%, which is considerably higher than the Department of Energy, United-States requirements of 6.5%. We have found that a total amount of 1.9e charge transfers from the 3d and 4s orbitals of Sc atom to the C-2p orbitals of holey graphyne by performing the Bader charge analysis. Hydrogen molecules are bonded with the scandium atom by Kubas interactions. The ab-initio molecular dynamics simulations confirm the structural integrity of scandium decorated holey graphyne system at the high desorption temperatures. The presence of sufficient diffusion energy barriers for the Sc atom ensure the avoidance of metal-metal clustering in the system.